ترجمۀ اقتصادی – متن شمارۀ ۵

ترجمۀ اقتصادی – متن ۵

۳۰ فروردین ۹۴

دانشجویان گرامی، به معادلِ درستِ عبارت‌هایی که آبی‌رنگ شده است توجه نمایـیـد.

CORPORATE TAX RATES

American politicians talk a lot about tax reform but do nothing about it, which is a pity, because while Americans have been talking, other countries have been doing. Since the late 1980s, top corporate tax rates around the world have dropped so far that America’s, which was once below the international average, is now well above.

As this has happened, American-based multinational companies have shifted more activity offshore; their foreign employment has steadily risen over the past decade as domestic employment has declined. This is mostly because of the appeal of cheap labour and growing markets in the emerging world, but business groups and many economists think America’s tax rate is also to blame. Liberal analysts blame the tax code for a different reason: it allows multinationals to stash income in foreign havens and indefinitely defer taxes on it, encouraging the outsourcing of jobs.

Barack Obama claims to be ready to do something about it. Calling the present tax code “outdated, unfair, and inefficient”, he proposed on February 22^nd to lower the top corporate rate to 28% from 35% (including state and local taxes, it would fall to 32.6% from 39.2%). Previous analysis suggests that such a cut would cost more than $700 billion, or 0.4% of GDP, over the next decade. Mr Obama would add to the price tag by making permanent a variety of tax provisions, such as the credit for research and development, which are likely to cost $250 billion over the next decade.

Mr Obama, however, pledged that he would pay for these provisions by eliminating enough tax breaks to ensure that the overall plan would not add to the deficit. But deciding whose tax breaks will go is what makes tax reform hard.

 

ترجمۀ سیاسی – متن شمارۀ ۵

ترجمۀ سیاسی – متن شمارۀ ۵

۳۰ فروردین ۹۴

 دانشجویان گرامی، در هنگام ترجمه به نکات زیر توجه نمایـیـد:

– نام‌های خاص (با حرف بزرگ)

– اصطلاح‌ها (idiomatic expressions)

– بهترین حالت درج جمله‌های معترضه در جملۀ اصلی

– معادل‌هایی که در بافتِ متون سیاسی به کار می‌رود، نه در متون عادی.

 

US Congress has formally muscled its way into President Obama’s negotiations with Iran, creating new and potentially dangerous uncertainties for an agreement that offers the best chance of restraining that country’s nuclear program.

With a unanimous vote on Tuesday, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee approved a bill that would require Congress to review, and then vote on, the final text of a nuclear deal. It would also prohibit Mr Obama from waiving economic sanctions on Iran — the crucial element of any agreement under which Iran rolls back its nuclear program — for at least 30 days, and up to 52 days, after signing an agreement so Congress has time to weigh in.

The full Senate and the House will have to approve the bill. But the committee’s action gives momentum to those who have bitterly criticized Mr. Obama for negotiating with Iran, though they offer no credible alternative to the preliminary deal on the table. Republicans who control Congress have largely been the driving force behind the legislation, but this bill was passed overwhelmingly by the Senate committee thanks to Democratic support.

Mr Obama initially threatened to veto the legislation, but he backed off rather than face a bipartisan override of his veto. The administration did get some compromises. The review period was shortened, and language making the lifting of sanctions dependent on Iran ending some of its activities was softened.

 

ترجمۀ اقتصادی – متن ۴

۲۳ فروردین ۹۴

 

ترجمۀ این هفته شامل دو متن است که از لحاظ موضوعی با هم تفاوت دارند.

 

Iran’s total non-oil exports hit $49.744 billion in the past Iranian calendar year, which ended on March 20, showing 18.87 percent rise from $41.848 billion in its preceding year, according to the Iran Customs Administration.

The country’s non-oil imports reached $52.477 billion in the past calendar year, with 5.57 percent growth compared to the year before.

In December 2014, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said the government aimed to increase non-oil exports to $50 billion by the next calendar year.

Traditionally, Iran relies heavily on oil for revenue. With sanctions restricting oil exports, the government has worked to advance other parts of the economy.

 

***

The Central Bank of Iran has announced that the inflation rate for the 12‑month period ended on the last day of the twelfth month of the previous Iranian calendar year (March 20) fell to 15.6 percent, a 0.2 percent drop compared to the previous month. 

The inflation rate plunged from 32.5 percent in the first month of the previous Iranian calendar year to 15.6 percent in the twelfth month.

The Central Bank has predicted that the inflation rate will decline to 13 percent in the current year.

In April 2014, the International Monetary Fund said Iran had achieved considerable progress in raising per capita income and living standards in previous decades.

ترجمۀ سیاسی – متن شمارۀ ۴

۲۳ فروردین ۹۴

 

Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif briefed members of an influential parliamentary commission over details of a framework agreement with world powers on Tehran’s nuclear energy program.

The session was held after Iran and the Group 5+1 (Russia, China, the US, Britain, France and Germany) on April 2 reached a framework agreement on Tehran’s civilian nuclear program after more than a week of intensive negotiations in Lausanne, Switzerland, with both sides committed to push for a final, comprehensive accord until the end of June.

Dr Zarif once again made it clear that the whole sanctions the UN Security Council had previously imposed on Iran will be entirely annulled immediately after a new resolution is passed as a result of the final, comprehensive deal.

“If a deal is reached, the case will be referred to the United Nations Security Council which will approve the resolution under the Article 41 of Chapter 7 that annuls all previous resolutions,” an MP quoted Zarif as saying, noting that all those happen before the parties even begin to implement the comprehensive agreement.

After the parties to the deal start to meet their commitments, the EU sanctions will be terminated and application of the US secondary sanctions will be ceased, since termination of the latter will require the US Congress ratification, Zarif has reportedly explained.

According to the Lausanne statement, “the EU will terminate the implementation of all nuclear‑related economic and financial sanctions and the US will cease the application of all nuclear‑related secondary economic and financial sanctions, simultaneously with the IAEA‑verified implementation by Iran of its key nuclear commitments.”